Greenland, located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, holds the title of the largest island in the world, spanning an area of approximately 2.16 million square kilometers.

Indonesia, an archipelago consisting of over 17,000 islands, boasts the largest number of islands among all countries.

Coral reefs are formed through the accumulation of calcium carbonate secreted by tiny marine organisms called coral polyps, which build intricate structures over time.

Atolls are ring-shaped coral reefs that encircle a central lagoon, often formed when a volcanic island subsides and the coral continues to grow upwards.

Fringing reefs are coral reefs that directly border the shoreline, forming a continuous structure along the coast.

Coral reefs are built by tiny marine organisms called coral polyps, which secrete calcium carbonate to form intricate structures.

The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Australia, is the largest coral reef system in the world, stretching for over 2,300 kilometers.

Barrier reefs are long, narrow coral reefs that run parallel to the shoreline, separated from it by a lagoon.

Patch reefs are small, isolated coral reefs that rise from the seafloor, often found in groups or scattered across a larger area.

Clownfish have a symbiotic relationship with sea anemones, living among their tentacles and providing protection in exchange for food and shelter.

Coral bleaching is a process where corals lose their symbiotic algae, causing them to turn white and become more susceptible to disease and death.

Climate change, particularly rising sea temperatures, is a major contributor to coral bleaching, causing stress and leading to the loss of symbiotic algae.

Coral restoration involves active efforts to restore damaged coral reefs, such as transplanting corals, creating artificial reefs, and reducing stressors.

Octopuses have the ability to change their color and texture to blend in with their surroundings, providing camouflage and protection.

Coral propagation involves growing corals in controlled environments, such as nurseries, to increase their numbers and support reef restoration efforts.