Within Our Gates was directed by Oscar Micheaux, an African American filmmaker who produced over 40 films during his career.

These stereotypical roles reinforced negative perceptions of African Americans and perpetuated racial discrimination.

The Defiant Ones starred Sidney Poitier and Tony Curtis as two escaped convicts who are chained together.

To Kill a Mockingbird, released in 1962, tackled themes of racial injustice and prejudice in the American South.

Shaft, starring Richard Roundtree, was a groundbreaking film that depicted a black private detective as a strong and capable protagonist.

Driving Miss Daisy, released in 1989, explored the relationship between an African American chauffeur and his elderly white employer.

Boyz n the Hood, directed by John Singleton, provided a realistic portrayal of life in South Central Los Angeles.

13th, a 2016 documentary, examined the history of racial inequality in the United States, focusing on the prison system.

Get Out, released in 2017, provided a satirical and thought-provoking commentary on race relations in the United States.

The racial gaze encompasses all aspects of how race is represented and interpreted in film.

Manthia Diawara, a Senegalese-American film scholar, introduced the concept of 'the black gaze' in his book 'In Search of Africa'.

Racial realism is a film theory that emphasizes the importance of accurately representing the experiences of people of color in film.

Stuart Hall, a Jamaican-born British cultural theorist, argued that Hollywood films often perpetuate racial stereotypes and reinforce existing power structures.

bell hooks, an African American feminist writer and cultural critic, argued that black filmmakers should create their own films that challenge dominant racial narratives.

Racial representation encompasses all aspects of how race is represented and interpreted in film.