Humanism emphasized secularism, individualism, and classical learning, while rejecting theocentricism.

Francesco Petrarca is widely regarded as the 'Father of Humanism' for his emphasis on classical learning and individual expression.

Humanist education emphasized the study of classical literature, history, and philosophy to develop well-rounded individuals.

Niccolò Machiavelli's theory of 'civic humanism' emphasized the importance of active participation in political life and the pursuit of power.

In 'The Praise of Folly,' Erasmus satirizes the vanity and folly of human pursuits, urging readers to embrace a simpler and more virtuous life.

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola's 'Oration on the Dignity of Man' asserted that humans have the potential to achieve godlike qualities through education and self-improvement.

Thomas More's 'Utopia' presents a vision of an ideal society based on reason, justice, and equality.

Averroes' theory of 'double truth' proposed that there can be two truths: one based on faith and one based on reason, which may contradict each other.

Humanist art and literature often drew inspiration from classical mythology, depicting gods, heroes, and stories from ancient Greece and Rome.

John Locke's theory of 'natural rights' asserts that all individuals possess certain fundamental rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and property.

Humanist reformers sought to reform the Catholic Church by addressing issues such as corruption, simony, and the sale of indulgences.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's theory of 'social contract' proposes that individuals give up some of their freedoms in order to form a society and secure their rights.

Humanist political thought emphasized the importance of individual liberty, equality, and the right to participate in government.

Jeremy Bentham's theory of 'utilitarianism' states that the best action is the one that produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

Humanist education aimed to develop well-rounded individuals with a broad understanding of the arts, sciences, and classical literature.