Agenda-Setting Theory proposes that the media's selection and emphasis of news stories influence the public's perception of the importance of those issues.

Selective Exposure refers to the tendency of individuals to actively seek out information that aligns with their existing beliefs and avoid information that challenges them.

Cultivation Theory posits that prolonged exposure to media content can shape individuals' perceptions of reality and influence their beliefs and behaviors.

Gatekeeping refers to the process by which media organizations decide which stories and information to publish or broadcast, thus influencing the public's access to information.

Cultivation Theory suggests that media consumption can influence individuals' perceptions of social norms and values, shaping their beliefs and behaviors.

Counter-Attitudinal Seeking refers to the tendency of individuals to actively seek out information that contradicts their existing beliefs in order to challenge and refine their understanding.

Cultivation Theory posits that media consumption can shape individuals' perceptions of reality, including their beliefs about social norms, values, and behaviors.

Selective Perception refers to the tendency of individuals to interpret media messages in a way that aligns with their existing beliefs and values.

Uses and Gratifications Theory suggests that individuals use media to satisfy specific needs and desires, such as information, entertainment, and social connection.

Selective Retention refers to the tendency of individuals to selectively remember information that aligns with their existing beliefs and forget information that contradicts them.

Cultivation Theory posits that media consumption can shape individuals' perceptions of risk and danger, influencing their beliefs about the likelihood and severity of various threats.

Confirmation Bias refers to the tendency of individuals to seek out information that confirms their existing beliefs and to interpret ambiguous information in a way that supports those beliefs.

Agenda-Setting Theory suggests that the media's selection and emphasis of news stories influence the public's perception of the importance of those issues, potentially shaping public opinion about political matters.

Selective Avoidance refers to the tendency of individuals to actively avoid information that contradicts their existing beliefs in order to maintain their cognitive consistency.

Social Identity Theory posits that individuals' self-concept is shaped by their membership in various social groups, and that media consumption can influence individuals' perceptions of their own social status and identity.