The information-processing model of memory consists of three main stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Decay is not a stage in this model.

Perception is the mental process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.

Working memory is a temporary store of information that is currently being processed. Episodic memory, semantic memory, and procedural memory are all types of long-term memory.

Decay is the process of forgetting information over time.

Task difficulty is not a factor that influences attention. Salience, novelty, and personal relevance are all factors that can capture attention.

Rehearsal is the mental process of actively maintaining information in memory.

Repetition is not a strategy for improving memory. Organization, elaboration, and imagery are all effective strategies for improving memory.

Retrieval is the mental process of retrieving information from memory.

Encoding failure is not a type of memory error. Misattribution, false memory, and suggestibility are all types of memory errors.

Assimilation is the mental process of combining new information with existing knowledge.

Framing effect is not a type of cognitive bias. Confirmation bias, hindsight bias, and availability heuristic are all types of cognitive biases.

Reasoning, problem solving, and decision making are all mental processes involved in making judgments and decisions.

Rationality is not a factor that influences decision making. Emotions, values, and cognitive biases can all influence decision making.

Creativity, innovation, and problem solving are all mental processes involved in generating new ideas and solutions.

Cognitive learning is not a type of learning. Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning are all types of learning.