Vehicle emissions, particularly from cars and trucks, are a major contributor to air pollution in urban areas. These emissions include harmful pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter.

Oxygen is not a greenhouse gas because it does not trap heat in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor, absorb and emit radiation within the thermal infrared range, contributing to the greenhouse effect.

Filtration is a process used to remove pollutants from water by passing it through a filter medium that traps the impurities. This process can be used to remove a wide range of contaminants, including sediment, bacteria, and chemicals.

Solar power is a renewable energy source that harnesses the energy from the sun to generate electricity. Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, solar power is a clean and sustainable alternative.

Recycling is the process of converting waste materials, such as paper, plastic, and metal, into new materials and objects. This process helps to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills and incinerators, conserving natural resources and reducing pollution.

Agricultural runoff, particularly from farms and livestock operations, is a major source of water pollution. This runoff can contain harmful pollutants such as fertilizers, pesticides, and animal waste, which can contaminate water sources and harm aquatic ecosystems.

Waste minimization refers to the practices and strategies employed to reduce the amount of waste generated at the source. This can be achieved through various means, such as reducing the use of disposable products, reusing items, and designing products for durability and recyclability.

Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are non-renewable energy sources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals. These fuels are finite and their combustion releases greenhouse gases, contributing to climate change.

Composting is the process of breaking down organic waste, such as food scraps and yard waste, into a nutrient-rich soil amendment. This process occurs through the action of microorganisms and results in the production of compost, which can be used to improve soil structure, fertility, and moisture retention.

Traffic congestion is a major contributor to noise pollution, particularly in urban areas. The noise generated by vehicles, including horns, engines, and tires, can have negative impacts on human health and well-being, causing stress, sleep disturbances, and hearing loss.

Air scrubbing is a process used to remove pollutants from the air by passing it through a medium that absorbs or reacts with the contaminants. This process can be used to remove a wide range of pollutants, including particulate matter, gases, and odors.

Agricultural expansion is a major cause of deforestation, particularly in tropical regions. The clearing of forests for agriculture, such as cattle ranching and soybean farming, contributes to habitat loss, biodiversity decline, and the release of greenhouse gases.

Waste-to-energy is the process of converting waste materials, such as garbage and industrial waste, into usable forms of energy, such as electricity or heat. This process helps to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills and incinerators, while also generating renewable energy.

Agricultural chemicals, such as fertilizers and pesticides, are a major source of soil pollution. These chemicals can contaminate soil and groundwater, harming soil organisms, reducing soil fertility, and posing risks to human health.

Energy conservation refers to the practices and strategies employed to reduce the amount of energy used. This can be achieved through various means, such as using energy-efficient appliances, turning off lights when not in use, and reducing heating and cooling costs.