Phenomenology, particularly associated with Edmund Husserl, focuses on the study of subjective experience and consciousness as a starting point for philosophical inquiry.

The Hard Problem of Consciousness, as proposed by David Chalmers, centers on the difficulty of explaining how subjective conscious experience can emerge from objective physical processes.

The frontal lobe, particularly the prefrontal cortex, is frequently linked to higher-order cognitive functions, including conscious awareness, self-reflection, and decision-making.

The temporal binding window refers to the limited time frame within which sensory information can be integrated and consciously perceived as a coherent event.

Emergentism suggests that consciousness emerges as a new property when a system, such as the brain, reaches a certain level of complexity and organization.

Alien hand syndrome is a neurological condition in which an individual feels as though one of their limbs is acting independently of their conscious control.

fMRI measures changes in blood flow in the brain, which can be correlated with neural activity and conscious experiences.

Depersonalization-derealization disorder is a mental condition characterized by feelings of detachment from oneself and the surrounding world.

Materialism asserts that consciousness is a product of the physical brain and that there is no separate, non-physical realm of consciousness.

Deja vu is the feeling of having experienced a present situation before, even though it is actually new.

The thalamus acts as a relay center for sensory information and plays a crucial role in conscious perception.

Coma is a state of prolonged unconsciousness from which a person cannot be awakened.

Dualism asserts that consciousness is a non-physical entity that is separate from the physical brain.

Intrusive thoughts are unwanted, distressing thoughts that pop into consciousness involuntarily.

The frontal lobe, particularly the prefrontal cortex, is involved in higher-order cognitive functions, including conscious thought and intentionality.