The Cold War was characterized by a fierce competition between the United States and the Soviet Union in various areas, including space exploration, military buildup, and propaganda.

Sputnik 1 was the first artificial satellite to be successfully launched into Earth's orbit, marking a significant milestone in the Space Race.

President Harry S. Truman introduced the policy of containment, aimed at preventing the expansion of communism beyond its existing borders.

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was tasked with gathering intelligence and conducting covert operations to advance U.S. interests during the Cold War.

President John F. Kennedy delivered the iconic "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech in West Berlin, expressing solidarity with the people of the city during the Cold War.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established as a collective defense alliance between North American and European countries to deter Soviet aggression.

Nikita Khrushchev introduced the policy of "peaceful coexistence" with the West, seeking to reduce tensions and avoid direct military confrontation.

The Truman Doctrine was a U.S. policy that provided economic and military aid to countries threatened by communism, aiming to contain the spread of Soviet influence.

President Richard Nixon pursued a policy of "détente" with the Soviet Union, seeking to reduce tensions and improve relations between the two superpowers.

The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) was a landmark agreement between the U.S. and the Soviet Union that aimed to limit the number of strategic nuclear weapons.

Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the policies of "perestroika" (economic restructuring) and "glasnost" (openness) in an attempt to reform the Soviet Union.

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was a group of countries that sought to remain neutral and independent during the Cold War, avoiding alignment with either the U.S. or the Soviet Union.

President George H.W. Bush declared the Cold War "over" in a speech in 1992, following the collapse of the Soviet Union.

The Geneva Summit in 1985 was a significant meeting between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, leading to the signing of several arms control agreements.

President Ronald Reagan initiated the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), also known as "Star Wars", in 1983, aiming to develop a missile defense system.