Plasma propulsion works by expelling a stream of charged particles (plasma) at high velocity, generating thrust through the conservation of momentum.

Magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters employ a magnetic field to accelerate and confine plasma, generating thrust through the interaction between the magnetic field and the charged particles.

Plasma propulsion systems offer higher specific impulse (a measure of propellant efficiency) compared to chemical propulsion, enabling more efficient use of propellant and potentially longer mission durations.

Ion thrusters accelerate ions through an electric field, producing thrust through the expulsion of these high-velocity ions.

Plasma propulsion systems typically generate lower thrust compared to chemical propulsion, which can limit their applicability for certain missions requiring high thrust levels.

Pulsed plasma thrusters employ a pulsed electric field to accelerate plasma, generating thrust through the expulsion of high-velocity plasma pulses.

Hall-effect thrusters commonly utilize xenon as the propellant due to its favorable properties, including high atomic mass and low ionization energy.

Ion thrusters are characterized by their high specific impulse and relatively low thrust, making them suitable for missions requiring long-duration, low-thrust propulsion.

Magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters generally produce higher thrust compared to Hall-effect thrusters, making them more suitable for applications requiring higher levels of thrust.

Magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters are capable of generating higher thrust levels compared to other plasma propulsion systems, making them suitable for applications requiring high thrust.

Pulsed plasma thrusters are known for their reduced emissions compared to other plasma propulsion systems, making them more environmentally friendly.

Pulsed plasma thrusters are often employed for attitude control and station-keeping of satellites due to their ability to provide precise and rapid thrust adjustments.

Plasma propulsion systems typically require high power levels to generate and sustain plasma, posing a challenge in terms of spacecraft power generation and management.

Hall-effect thrusters are known for their ability to operate with a wide range of propellants, including xenon, argon, and krypton, providing flexibility in propellant selection.

Plasma propulsion systems are primarily used for interplanetary travel, enabling spacecraft to travel long distances between planets and moons with high efficiency and low propellant consumption.