Fiscal consolidation refers to the government's efforts to reduce its budget deficit and public debt. This often involves cutting spending on social programs and subsidies.

Economic reforms often led to reduced eligibility criteria for social protection programs, making it more challenging for vulnerable populations to access these benefits.

The PDS reform in India aimed to improve targeting by identifying and excluding ineligible households from the program, ensuring that subsidies reached the intended beneficiaries.

The Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana is a social protection program that provides financial assistance to pregnant women and lactating mothers to improve maternal and child health.

Economic reforms often led to a reduction in the government's involvement in providing social protection, with a shift towards market-based mechanisms and private sector participation.

Liberalization involves reducing government regulations and restrictions on economic activities, including foreign investment and trade.

The NREGA was primarily designed to provide employment opportunities to rural households during lean seasons, ensuring a minimum level of income and reducing poverty.

Economic reforms often led to a diversification of funding sources for social protection programs, including contributions from the private sector, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations.

The Public Distribution System is a social protection program that provides subsidized food grains to eligible households, ensuring food security and access to essential commodities.

Economic reforms often led to increased flexibility in the design and implementation of social protection programs, allowing for customization to local needs and circumstances.

Privatization involves the transfer of ownership and control of public assets and enterprises to the private sector.

The ICDS program primarily aims to provide supplementary nutrition to children under the age of six, pregnant and lactating mothers, and adolescent girls.

Economic reforms often led to improved efficiency in the delivery of social protection programs, reducing administrative costs and improving the targeting of benefits.

The National Social Assistance Program provides financial assistance to elderly individuals, widows, and persons with disabilities, ensuring a basic level of income security.

Economic reforms often led to reduced eligibility criteria for social protection programs, making it more challenging for vulnerable populations to access these benefits.