To ensure that agencies comply with the law

To provide a forum for public participation in the rulemaking process

To promote consistency in agency decision-making

All of the above

Arbitrary and capricious

Substantial evidence

De novo review

All of the above

The court will uphold the agency's action if it is supported by a rational basis

The court will uphold the agency's action if it is supported by substantial evidence

The court will uphold the agency's action if it is not arbitrary or capricious

None of the above

The court will uphold the agency's action if it is supported by a rational basis

The court will uphold the agency's action if it is supported by substantial evidence

The court will uphold the agency's action if it is not arbitrary or capricious

None of the above

The court will uphold the agency's action if it is supported by a rational basis

The court will uphold the agency's action if it is supported by substantial evidence

The court will uphold the agency's action if it is not arbitrary or capricious

The court will make its own independent findings of fact and conclusions of law

Setting aside the agency's action

Remanding the action to the agency for further consideration

Enjoining the agency from taking further action

All of the above

The doctrine of stare decisis requires courts to follow the precedents of higher courts

The doctrine of stare decisis requires courts to give deference to the agency's interpretation of its own regulations

The doctrine of stare decisis requires courts to uphold agency actions that are supported by a rational basis

None of the above

The doctrine of Chevron deference requires courts to defer to the agency's interpretation of its own regulations

The doctrine of Chevron deference requires courts to uphold agency actions that are supported by a rational basis

The doctrine of Chevron deference requires courts to set aside agency actions that are arbitrary and capricious

None of the above

The doctrine of ripeness requires that a challenge to an agency action be brought before the action is taken

The doctrine of ripeness requires that a challenge to an agency action be brought within a certain period of time after the action is taken

The doctrine of ripeness requires that a challenge to an agency action be brought by a person who has been directly harmed by the action

None of the above

The doctrine of standing requires that a plaintiff have a personal stake in the outcome of the lawsuit

The doctrine of standing requires that a plaintiff have suffered an injury in fact

The doctrine of standing requires that a plaintiff be able to show that the injury is fairly traceable to the agency action

All of the above

A legislative rule is binding on the agency and the public, while an interpretative rule is not

A legislative rule is subject to judicial review, while an interpretative rule is not

A legislative rule is promulgated through a formal rulemaking process, while an interpretative rule is not

All of the above

To provide the public with an opportunity to comment on proposed rules

To allow the agency to consider the public's comments before finalizing the rules

To ensure that the rules are consistent with the law

All of the above

The process can be time-consuming and expensive

The agency may not receive meaningful comments from the public

The agency may have difficulty balancing the competing interests of different stakeholders

All of the above

Using technology to make the process more efficient

Providing more resources to agencies to help them comply with the process

Streamlining the process by eliminating unnecessary steps

All of the above

The courts will continue to play an important role in reviewing agency rulemaking

The courts will defer more to the agencies' expertise

The courts will become more involved in the rulemaking process

None of the above