Music typically evokes emotions in listeners, whether positive or negative. Indifference is not a common emotional response to music.

All of the options refer to the phenomenon where music can trigger vivid memories and emotions.

The arousal-valence model of emotion suggests that music influences our emotions primarily through tempo and rhythm, which can evoke feelings of excitement, calmness, or sadness.

Listening to music is generally associated with positive benefits, such as reducing stress, improving mood, and boosting cognitive performance. It is not typically associated with causing headaches or migraines.

All of the options refer to the phenomenon where music can influence our behavior, such as making us move or dance.

While personal preferences, cultural context, and musical genre can influence the emotional impact of music, there is no evidence to suggest that the listener's age and gender have a significant effect.

Music analgesia refers to the phenomenon where music can reduce pain and discomfort. It is often used in medical settings to help patients manage pain.

While music can be used to reduce anxiety, improve mood, and help people with dementia, it is not typically used to treat physical injuries.

Music-induced physiological responses refer to the phenomenon where music can influence our heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.

Listening to music can have negative effects such as distraction, increased aggression, and hearing loss, but it is generally associated with positive benefits like improved focus and concentration.

All of the options refer to the phenomenon where music can influence our sleep patterns.

Music education for children is generally associated with positive benefits such as improved language, mathematical, and social skills, as well as enhanced creativity and imagination.

All of the options refer to the phenomenon where music can influence our perception of time.

Music in advertising is primarily used to create a desired mood or atmosphere, influence brand perception and recall, and promote products and services. It is not typically used to provide detailed information about a product or service.

All of the options refer to the phenomenon where music can influence our sense of self and identity.