Texturing is the process of applying a texture to a 3D model to add detail and realism.

Diffuse map, normal map, and specular map are all common types of texture maps used in computer graphics.

A diffuse map defines the color of a surface by specifying the RGB values at each pixel.

A normal map defines the surface's normal vectors at each pixel, which can be used to simulate surface detail and shading.

A specular map defines the surface's reflectivity at each pixel, which can be used to simulate the way light reflects off the surface.

Cylindrical mapping is commonly used to apply a texture to a cylindrical object because it preserves the proportions of the texture.

Spherical mapping is commonly used to apply a texture to a spherical object because it minimizes distortion.

Planar mapping is commonly used to apply a texture to a flat surface because it is simple and efficient.

Cube mapping is commonly used to apply a texture to a cube-shaped object because it allows for seamless transitions between the different faces of the cube.

Mipmaps offer improved performance, reduced memory usage, and increased texture quality.

Anisotropic filtering improves the quality of textures when viewed at an angle by reducing the amount of blur.

Bump mapping's main disadvantage is its increased computational cost, as it requires additional calculations to simulate the surface detail.

Image-based textures are not procedural textures, as they are created from images rather than generated algorithmically.

Procedural textures offer reduced memory usage compared to image-based textures, as they are generated algorithmically and do not require storing large image files.

Texturing and mapping are primarily used in 3D graphics applications such as video games, 3D modeling, and animation, rather than web design.