Conflict theory argues that society is divided into different classes, each with its own interests and values. These classes are in conflict with each other, and this conflict is the driving force of social change.

Functionalist theory argues that social inequality is necessary for society to function properly. It provides incentives for people to work hard and achieve, and it helps to maintain social order and stability.

Symbolic interactionism argues that culture is a system of symbols that people use to communicate with each other. These symbols shape people's beliefs and behaviors, and they can also be used to justify social inequality.

Rational choice theory argues that people are rational actors who make decisions based on their own self-interest. They seek to maximize their utility, which is the amount of satisfaction they get from a particular action.

Human capital theory argues that education is an investment that increases a person's productivity and earning potential. This investment can be used to explain why some people have more opportunities than others.

Cultural capital theory argues that social inequality is reproduced through the transmission of cultural knowledge and skills from parents to children. This knowledge and skills can be used to gain access to better jobs, education, and social networks.

Social capital theory argues that social networks can be a source of resources and opportunities for people. These resources and opportunities can be used to improve people's life chances.

Network theory argues that social inequality is reproduced through the formation of social ties between people with similar backgrounds. These ties can be used to gain access to better jobs, education, and social networks.

Structural hole theory argues that social inequality is reproduced through the formation of structural holes in social networks. These holes are gaps between people who would otherwise be connected to each other. Structural holes can be used to gain access to new resources and opportunities.

Credentialism theory argues that social inequality is reproduced through the requirement of educational credentials for certain jobs. This requirement creates a barrier to entry for people who do not have the necessary credentials.

Discrimination theory argues that social inequality is reproduced through discrimination against certain groups of people. This discrimination can be based on race, ethnicity, gender, religion, or other factors.

Prejudice theory argues that social inequality is reproduced through the formation of negative attitudes towards certain groups of people. These attitudes can be used to justify discrimination against these groups.

Racism theory argues that social inequality is reproduced through racism against certain groups of people. This racism can be based on race, ethnicity, or national origin.

Sexism theory argues that social inequality is reproduced through the formation of negative attitudes towards women. These attitudes can be used to justify discrimination against women.

Intersectionality theory argues that social inequality is reproduced through the intersection of multiple forms of oppression, such as racism, sexism, and classism. This intersectionality can create unique challenges for people who experience multiple forms of oppression.