Qualia, phenomenal consciousness, and subjective experience are all terms used to describe the subjective, conscious experience of a particular sensation or feeling.

David Chalmers is a philosopher who is most closely associated with the term 'qualia'. He has written extensively on the topic, and his work has been influential in the field of philosophy of mind.

The 'hard problem of consciousness' is the problem of explaining how physical processes can give rise to conscious experience. This is a difficult problem to solve, and there is no consensus among philosophers about how to do it.

Dualism is the belief that the mind and the body are two separate substances. This is not a proposed solution to the hard problem of consciousness, because it does not explain how physical processes can give rise to conscious experience.

The 'knowledge argument' for the existence of qualia is the argument that we can know that qualia exist because we can introspect on our own conscious experiences. This argument is based on the idea that we have direct access to our own conscious experiences, and that this access is sufficient to allow us to know that qualia exist.

Thomas Nagel is a philosopher who is most closely associated with the knowledge argument for the existence of qualia. He has written extensively on the topic, and his work has been influential in the field of philosophy of mind.

The 'inverted spectrum' thought experiment is the thought experiment that asks what it would be like to have your qualia inverted, so that red looks green and green looks red. This thought experiment is designed to challenge the idea that qualia are objective properties of the world, and to suggest that they are instead subjective properties of the mind.

Thomas Nagel is a philosopher who is most closely associated with the inverted spectrum thought experiment. He has written extensively on the topic, and his work has been influential in the field of philosophy of mind.

The 'Mary's room' thought experiment is the thought experiment that asks what it would be like to be a scientist who is raised in a black and white room and then suddenly sees color for the first time. This thought experiment is designed to challenge the idea that knowledge is simply a matter of having the right information, and to suggest that knowledge also requires experience.

Frank Jackson is a philosopher who is most closely associated with the Mary's room thought experiment. He has written extensively on the topic, and his work has been influential in the field of philosophy of mind.

The 'zombie argument' is the argument that zombies are possible, and that this shows that qualia are not necessary for consciousness. Zombies are hypothetical creatures that are physically identical to humans, but who lack qualia. The argument is that if zombies are possible, then it is possible for a creature to be conscious without having qualia. This would show that qualia are not necessary for consciousness.

David Chalmers is a philosopher who is most closely associated with the zombie argument. He has written extensively on the topic, and his work has been influential in the field of philosophy of mind.

The 'qualia functionalism' theory of consciousness is the theory that qualia are identical to certain functional states of the brain. This theory is based on the idea that qualia are nothing more than the subjective experience of certain brain processes. If this theory is correct, then it would mean that qualia are physical phenomena, and that they can be explained in terms of the laws of physics.

Daniel Dennett is a philosopher who is most closely associated with the qualia functionalism theory of consciousness. He has written extensively on the topic, and his work has been influential in the field of philosophy of mind.

The 'higher-order theory' of consciousness is the theory that consciousness is a higher-order representation of the world. This theory is based on the idea that consciousness is a kind of mental state that is about other mental states. For example, when you are conscious of a pain in your leg, you are having a mental state that is about the pain in your leg. The higher-order theory of consciousness says that consciousness is a kind of mental state that is about other mental states.

David Rosenthal is a philosopher who is most closely associated with the higher-order theory of consciousness. He has written extensively on the topic, and his work has been influential in the field of philosophy of mind.