All of the options are examples of visual illusions, which are distortions of reality caused by the way our brains process visual information.

Transduction is the process by which our brains convert light into visual images. This process takes place in the retina, which is a layer of cells at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells called rods and cones.

Bipolar cells are not photoreceptor cells. They are a type of neuron that connects rods and cones to ganglion cells, which are the cells that send visual information to the brain.

The occipital lobe is the part of the brain that is responsible for processing visual information. It is located at the back of the brain, just behind the parietal lobe.

Accommodation is the ability to see objects clearly at different distances. This process is controlled by the lens of the eye, which changes shape to focus light on the retina.

Depth perception is the ability to see objects in three dimensions. This process is made possible by the fact that we have two eyes, which provide us with slightly different views of the world.

Color vision is the ability to see objects in color. This process is made possible by the presence of cone cells in the retina, which are sensitive to different wavelengths of light.

Night vision, dark adaptation, and rod vision are all terms for the ability to see objects in low light conditions. These processes are made possible by the presence of rod cells in the retina, which are more sensitive to light than cone cells.

Motion perception, apparent motion, and stroboscopic motion are all terms for the ability to see objects in motion. These processes are made possible by the fact that our brains are able to track the movement of objects over time.

Spatial perception is the ability to see objects in their proper spatial relationships. This process is made possible by the fact that our brains are able to create a mental map of the world around us.

Size constancy is the ability to see objects as being the same size, even when they are at different distances. This process is made possible by the fact that our brains are able to take into account the distance of an object when judging its size.

Shape constancy is the ability to see objects as having the same shape, even when they are viewed from different angles. This process is made possible by the fact that our brains are able to recognize the three-dimensional shape of an object from its two-dimensional projection.

Color constancy is the ability to see objects as having the same color, even when they are illuminated by different types of light. This process is made possible by the fact that our brains are able to take into account the color of the light source when judging the color of an object.

Brightness constancy is the ability to see objects as having the same brightness, even when they are illuminated by different amounts of light. This process is made possible by the fact that our brains are able to take into account the amount of light that is falling on an object when judging its brightness.