In developing countries, sewage discharge is often untreated and released directly into water bodies, leading to contamination.

Disinfection, typically using chlorine or ultraviolet light, is commonly employed to kill bacteria and other microorganisms in water.

Arsenic contamination in water has been linked to an increased risk of various types of cancer, including skin, bladder, and lung cancer.

Lead contamination in water can lead to neurological damage, particularly in children, affecting cognitive development and behavior.

Reverse osmosis is a water treatment method that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove impurities, including heavy metals, from water.

Mercury contamination in water can lead to neurological damage, affecting the brain and nervous system.

Reverse osmosis is a water treatment method that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove impurities, including fluoride, from water.

Fluoride contamination in water can lead to dental fluorosis, a condition characterized by white spots or streaks on the teeth.

Disinfection, typically using chlorine or ultraviolet light, is commonly employed to kill bacteria and viruses in water.

Bacteria contamination in water can lead to gastrointestinal illness, causing symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Reverse osmosis is a water treatment method that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove impurities, including pesticides and herbicides, from water.

Pesticide contamination in water has been linked to an increased risk of certain types of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma.

Boiling water effectively removes chlorine and other volatile contaminants from water.

Chlorine contamination in water can cause skin irritation, particularly in individuals with sensitive skin.

Reverse osmosis is a water treatment method that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove impurities, including nitrates, from water.