Conservation genetics aims to preserve the genetic diversity of species to ensure their long-term survival and adaptability.

Reduced genetic diversity can lead to increased susceptibility to diseases, reduced adaptability to environmental changes, and higher risk of inbreeding depression, but it does not typically lead to increased reproductive success.

Genetic drift is the random fluctuation of gene frequencies in a population over time, which can lead to the loss of genetic variation.

Genetic drift can be caused by small population size, founder effect (when a new population is established by a small number of individuals), and bottleneck effect (when a population experiences a sudden reduction in size).

Gene flow is the movement of genes from one population to another, which can help to maintain genetic diversity.

Gene flow can be restricted by geographic barriers (e.g., mountains or rivers), behavioral barriers (e.g., different mating rituals), and reproductive barriers (e.g., incompatibility between gametes).

Mutation is a change in the genetic material of an organism, which can introduce new genetic variation into a population.

Nonsense mutations are mutations that introduce a stop codon into a gene, which can lead to the production of a truncated protein that may be non-functional or harmful to the organism.

Natural selection is the process by which organisms with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to their offspring.

Differential mutation is not a mechanism of natural selection. Natural selection acts on existing genetic variation, not on the generation of new mutations.

Non-random mating is the process by which genetic variation is lost from a population due to individuals mating with each other based on certain traits or preferences.

Assortative mating is a type of non-random mating in which individuals with similar traits mate with each other, which can lead to an increase in homozygosity (the presence of two identical alleles at a particular locus).

Inbreeding depression is the process by which genetic variation is lost from a population due to inbreeding (mating between closely related individuals), which can lead to the expression of harmful recessive alleles.

Inbreeding depression can lead to increased susceptibility to diseases, reduced fertility, and higher risk of genetic disorders, but it does not typically lead to increased reproductive success.

Effective population size is the minimum number of individuals needed to maintain a viable population, taking into account factors such as genetic drift and inbreeding.