The Sumerian Empire was the first civilization in ancient Mesopotamia, and it lasted from around 3500 to 2300 BCE.

The Old Kingdom was the first major period of ancient Egyptian civilization, and it lasted from around 2700 to 2200 BCE.

Classical Greece was the period of ancient Greek history from the 5th to the 4th century BCE, and it is considered to be the golden age of Greek civilization.

The Roman Republic was the period of ancient Roman history from the overthrow of the monarchy in 509 BCE to the establishment of the Roman Empire in 27 BCE.

The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest civilizations in the world, and it flourished in the Indus River Valley from around 2500 to 1900 BCE.

The Xia Dynasty was the first dynasty in ancient China, and it lasted from around 2100 to 1600 BCE.

The Olmec Civilization was the first major civilization in Mesoamerica, and it flourished from around 1200 to 400 BCE.

The Inca Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America, and it lasted from around 1438 to 1533 CE.

The Kingdom of Aksum was one of the earliest civilizations in Africa, and it flourished from around 100 to 940 CE.

Aboriginal Australians are the indigenous people of Australia, and they have a unique social and political system that has been in place for thousands of years.

The Maori people are the indigenous people of New Zealand, and they have a unique social and political system that has been in place for centuries.

The Hawaiian people are the indigenous people of Hawaii, and they have a unique social and political system that has been in place for centuries.

The Rapa Nui people are the indigenous people of Easter Island, and they have a unique social and political system that has been in place for centuries.

The Pitcairn Islanders are the descendants of the Bounty mutineers, and they have a unique social and political system that has been in place for centuries.