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Research Design

Description: This quiz covers the fundamental concepts and principles of research design, including experimental design, observational studies, sampling techniques, and data collection methods.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: research design experimental design observational studies sampling techniques data collection methods
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Which of the following is a type of experimental design where participants are randomly assigned to different conditions?

  1. Between-subjects design

  2. Within-subjects design

  3. Matched-pairs design

  4. Factorial design

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In a between-subjects design, participants are randomly assigned to different experimental conditions, ensuring that any differences between groups can be attributed to the independent variable.

In an observational study, researchers aim to:

  1. Manipulate variables to observe their effects

  2. Observe and record variables without manipulating them

  3. Collect data from a sample to make inferences about a population

  4. Test hypotheses about relationships between variables

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Observational studies involve observing and recording variables without manipulating them, allowing researchers to examine natural phenomena and associations between variables.

Which sampling technique involves selecting participants based on their similarity to a specific group or characteristic?

  1. Simple random sampling

  2. Systematic sampling

  3. Stratified sampling

  4. Cluster sampling

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into strata based on specific characteristics and then selecting participants from each stratum to ensure representation of different groups.

What is the purpose of a pilot study?

  1. To test the feasibility and effectiveness of a research method

  2. To collect preliminary data for a larger study

  3. To identify potential problems with a research design

  4. To establish the reliability and validity of a measurement instrument

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A pilot study is conducted to test the feasibility and effectiveness of a research method, identify potential problems, and refine procedures before conducting a larger study.

Which data collection method involves asking participants to provide written responses to questions?

  1. Survey

  2. Interview

  3. Observation

  4. Experiment

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A survey involves asking participants to provide written responses to questions, allowing researchers to collect data from a large number of individuals efficiently.

What is the main purpose of a control group in an experiment?

  1. To compare the effects of the independent variable

  2. To provide a baseline for comparison

  3. To eliminate the effects of confounding variables

  4. To ensure that the results are statistically significant

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The main purpose of a control group in an experiment is to provide a baseline for comparison, allowing researchers to determine the effects of the independent variable by comparing the results of the experimental group to the control group.

Which sampling technique involves selecting participants based on their proximity to a specific location?

  1. Simple random sampling

  2. Systematic sampling

  3. Stratified sampling

  4. Cluster sampling

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Cluster sampling involves selecting groups or clusters of participants based on their proximity to a specific location, making it efficient for data collection in geographically dispersed populations.

What is the difference between a dependent variable and an independent variable?

  1. The dependent variable is the variable that is being measured, while the independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated.

  2. The dependent variable is the variable that is being manipulated, while the independent variable is the variable that is being measured.

  3. The dependent variable is the variable that is being controlled, while the independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated.

  4. The dependent variable is the variable that is being manipulated, while the independent variable is the variable that is being controlled.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In an experiment, the dependent variable is the variable that is being measured, while the independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated.

What is the purpose of a research hypothesis?

  1. To provide a specific prediction about the relationship between variables

  2. To describe the variables that will be studied in a research project

  3. To explain the results of a research study

  4. To identify the population that will be studied in a research project

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The purpose of a research hypothesis is to provide a specific prediction about the relationship between variables, which can be tested through empirical research.

Which of the following is a type of observational study where researchers follow participants over time?

  1. Cross-sectional study

  2. Longitudinal study

  3. Case study

  4. Cohort study

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A longitudinal study is a type of observational study where researchers follow participants over time to examine changes in variables and their relationships.

What is the main purpose of a literature review?

  1. To identify gaps in the research literature

  2. To summarize the existing research on a topic

  3. To develop a research hypothesis

  4. To evaluate the quality of a research study

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The main purpose of a literature review is to summarize the existing research on a topic, identify gaps in the literature, and provide a foundation for further research.

Which sampling technique involves selecting participants based on their probability of being selected?

  1. Simple random sampling

  2. Systematic sampling

  3. Stratified sampling

  4. Cluster sampling

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Simple random sampling involves selecting participants based on their probability of being selected, ensuring that every member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample.

What is the main purpose of a research design?

  1. To outline the steps involved in conducting a research study

  2. To identify the variables that will be studied in a research project

  3. To specify the methods that will be used to collect and analyze data

  4. To develop a research hypothesis

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The main purpose of a research design is to outline the steps involved in conducting a research study, including the methods for selecting participants, collecting data, and analyzing results.

Which of the following is a type of experimental design where participants are exposed to multiple levels of an independent variable?

  1. Between-subjects design

  2. Within-subjects design

  3. Matched-pairs design

  4. Factorial design

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A factorial design is a type of experimental design where participants are exposed to multiple levels of an independent variable, allowing researchers to examine the effects of each level and their interactions.

What is the difference between a quantitative research method and a qualitative research method?

  1. Quantitative research methods involve collecting numerical data, while qualitative research methods involve collecting non-numerical data.

  2. Quantitative research methods involve manipulating variables, while qualitative research methods involve observing variables.

  3. Quantitative research methods involve testing hypotheses, while qualitative research methods involve generating hypotheses.

  4. Quantitative research methods involve using statistical analysis, while qualitative research methods involve using non-statistical analysis.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The main difference between quantitative and qualitative research methods is the type of data they collect: quantitative methods involve collecting numerical data, while qualitative methods involve collecting non-numerical data.

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