Music served various purposes in ancient civilizations, including religious ceremonies, entertainment, communication, and storytelling.

Ancient Greece developed a sophisticated musical system based on mathematical ratios, known as the Pythagorean scale.

The sistrum, a percussion instrument consisting of a metal frame with metal rings, was widely used in ancient Egyptian music.

Ancient China developed a unique musical system based on the pentatonic scale, consisting of five notes.

Drums were widely used in ancient Mesopotamian music, particularly in religious ceremonies and military contexts.

The sitar, a stringed instrument with a long neck and a gourd-shaped body, is a prominent instrument in ancient Indian music.

The lyre, a stringed instrument with a wooden frame and multiple strings, was widely used in ancient Greek music.

The shakuhachi, a bamboo flute with five holes, is a traditional instrument in ancient Japanese music.

The trumpet, a brass instrument with a long, straight tube, was widely used in ancient Roman music, particularly in military contexts.

The gamelan, an ensemble of percussion instruments made of metal, wood, and bamboo, is a prominent feature in ancient Indonesian music.

The harp, a stringed instrument with a wooden frame and multiple strings, was widely used in ancient Celtic music.

The didgeridoo, a long, wooden wind instrument, is a traditional instrument in ancient Australian Aboriginal music.

Drums of various sizes and shapes were widely used in ancient African music, playing a central role in religious ceremonies, rituals, and social gatherings.

The tabla, a pair of hand drums, is a prominent instrument in ancient Indian music, particularly in classical and folk genres.

Pan pipes, a set of graduated pipes played by blowing across the top, were widely used in ancient Andean music, particularly in religious ceremonies and festivals.