Qualia are the subjective, conscious experiences that make up our conscious awareness of the world.

Paul Churchland is a philosopher who has been a leading advocate of the materialist theory of qualia.

The materialist theory holds that qualia are identical to physical processes in the brain, meaning that they are not separate entities.

The explanatory gap argument is the main argument against the materialist theory of qualia. It states that there is no way to explain how physical processes in the brain can give rise to subjective, conscious experiences.

Frank Jackson developed the knowledge argument against physicalism, which argues that there are certain facts about consciousness that cannot be explained by physical science.

Non-reductive physicalism is the idea that qualia are irreducible to physical properties, meaning that they cannot be explained in terms of physical processes.

Alfred North Whitehead is a philosopher who has been a leading advocate of the panpsychist theory of consciousness, which holds that consciousness is a fundamental property of all matter.

The simplicity argument is the main argument in favor of the panpsychist theory of consciousness. It states that panpsychism is the simplest theory of consciousness because it does not require any additional entities or processes beyond those that are already posited by physics.

David Chalmers developed the hard problem of consciousness, which is the problem of explaining how physical processes in the brain can give rise to subjective, conscious experiences.

Illusionism is the idea that consciousness is an illusion, meaning that it does not actually exist.

Daniel Dennett is a philosopher who has been a leading advocate of the illusionist theory of consciousness.

The simplicity argument is the main argument in favor of the illusionist theory of consciousness. It states that illusionism is the simplest theory of consciousness because it does not require any additional entities or processes beyond those that are already posited by physics.

Frank Jackson developed the knowledge argument against physicalism, which argues that there are certain facts about consciousness that cannot be explained by physical science.

Non-reductive physicalism is the idea that qualia are irreducible to physical properties, meaning that they cannot be explained in terms of physical processes.

Alfred North Whitehead is a philosopher who has been a leading advocate of the panpsychist theory of consciousness, which holds that consciousness is a fundamental property of all matter.