Biodiversity is not a provisioning service, but rather a supporting service that underpins the provision of all other ecosystem services.

Climate change can affect food production in various ways, including by altering temperature and precipitation patterns, increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, and causing sea levels to rise.

Climate change is generally expected to have negative impacts on water quality, such as by increasing the frequency and intensity of droughts and floods, which can lead to increased pollution and sedimentation.

Climate change can affect timber production in various ways, including by altering the distribution and growth rates of tree species, increasing the risk of forest fires, and increasing the risk of insect infestations.

Climate change is generally expected to have negative impacts on fiber production, such as by increasing the risk of crop failures and pest infestations, which can lead to reduced yields and lower quality fibers.

Climate change is generally expected to have negative impacts on provisioning services, as it can lead to reduced food production, water shortages, timber shortages, and fiber shortages.

Using fossil fuels to generate electricity is not an adaptation strategy to reduce the impacts of climate change on provisioning services, as it contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and exacerbates climate change.

International cooperation is essential for addressing the impacts of climate change on provisioning services, as it allows countries to share information and resources, coordinate adaptation and mitigation strategies, and promote sustainable development.

Climate change is generally expected to have negative impacts on fisheries productivity, as it can lead to changes in ocean currents and temperatures, which can disrupt fish populations.

Climate change can affect the availability of clean water in various ways, including by altering precipitation patterns, increasing the frequency and intensity of droughts, and causing sea levels to rise and contaminate freshwater resources.

Climate change is generally expected to have negative impacts on timber production in tropical forests, as it can lead to increased risk of forest fires and insect infestations, which can reduce the availability of timber.

Climate change can affect the availability of fiber crops in various ways, including by altering temperature and precipitation patterns, increasing the frequency and intensity of droughts, and increasing the risk of pest infestations.

Increasing the use of fossil fuels is not an adaptation strategy to reduce the impacts of climate change on water resources, as it contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and exacerbates climate change.

Climate change can affect the availability of food in coastal areas in various ways, including by causing sea level rise and inundating agricultural land, increasing the frequency and intensity of storms and damaging crops, and altering temperature and precipitation patterns and affecting crop yields.