Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer sponsored by the Spanish crown, is credited with being the first European to reach the Americas in 1492.

James Cook, an English explorer, is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Exploration" due to his extensive and groundbreaking voyages in the 18th century.

Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer, led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe, starting in 1519 and completed by his crew after his death in 1521.

Christopher Columbus's flagship on his voyage to the Americas in 1492 was the Santa Maria.

Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer, discovered the sea route to India around the Cape of Good Hope in 1498.

Hernán Cortés, a Spanish conquistador, led the expedition that conquered the Aztec Empire in the early 16th century.

James Cook, an English explorer, made significant contributions to the exploration of the Pacific Ocean and discovered Australia during his voyages in the 18th century.

Pedro Álvares Cabral, a Portuguese explorer, discovered Brazil in 1500.

Lewis and Clark, a team of American explorers, conducted an expedition to explore the Louisiana Purchase and the western United States in the early 19th century.

Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, a Spanish explorer, discovered the Grand Canyon in 1540.

Roald Amundsen, a Norwegian explorer, was the first person to reach the South Pole in 1911 and also discovered the Northwest Passage in 1903-1906.

John Hanning Speke, a British explorer, discovered the source of the Nile River in 1858.

Ernest Shackleton, a British explorer, led several expeditions to the Antarctic, including the Endurance Expedition in 1914-1917, during which he discovered the Ross Ice Shelf.

Samuel de Champlain, a French explorer, discovered the Great Lakes in the early 17th century.

Robert E. Peary, an American explorer, is credited with being the first person to reach the North Pole in 1909.