James McKeen Cattell is widely regarded as the father of educational measurement due to his pioneering work in the field, including the development of mental tests and the application of statistical methods to educational data.

Personality tests are not typically considered a type of educational measurement, as they are used to assess an individual's personality traits rather than their academic abilities or knowledge.

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, developed by Lewis Terman and Alfred Binet, was the first standardized intelligence test. It was initially developed in France in 1905 and later revised in the United States in 1916.

While educational measurement can be used to inform decisions about students and improve teaching and learning, its primary purpose is to assess student learning, not to promote social justice.

Testing is the term used to describe the process of developing and administering educational tests. Assessment and evaluation are broader terms that encompass the entire process of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data about student learning.

Placement assessment is not a type of educational assessment, as it is used to determine a student's appropriate level of instruction rather than to assess their learning.

Evaluation is the term used to describe the process of using educational measurement data to make decisions about students. Assessment and measurement are broader terms that encompass the entire process of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data about student learning.

Interviews are not typically considered a type of educational measurement instrument, as they are used to gather qualitative data rather than quantitative data.

Assessment is the term used to describe the process of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data about student learning. Evaluation and measurement are broader terms that encompass the entire process of developing and administering educational tests and using the data to make decisions about students.

Qualitative data is not typically considered a type of educational measurement data, as it is not numerical data that can be analyzed statistically.

Norm-referenced assessment is the process of comparing a student's performance to the performance of other students. Criterion-referenced assessment, on the other hand, compares a student's performance to a predetermined standard.

Nominal scales are not typically used in educational measurement, as they only allow for the classification of data into categories.

Evaluation is the term used to describe the process of using educational measurement data to improve teaching and learning. Assessment and measurement are broader terms that encompass the entire process of developing and administering educational tests and using the data to make decisions about students.

Concurrent validity is not a type of educational measurement validity, as it refers to the relationship between a test score and a measure of the same construct obtained at the same time.

Evaluation is the term used to describe the process of using educational measurement data to make decisions about educational programs. Assessment and measurement are broader terms that encompass the entire process of developing and administering educational tests and using the data to make decisions about students.