Noise in digital photography can be caused by high ISO settings, long exposure times, poor lighting conditions, or a combination of these factors.

Noise reduction is the process of removing noise from an image, while detail preservation is the process of retaining the fine details in an image.

The bilateral filter is a noise reduction technique that is effective at preserving detail because it takes into account the local image structure when smoothing the image.

Detail loss in noise reduction is primarily caused by over-smoothing, which occurs when the noise reduction algorithm removes too much noise from the image, resulting in a loss of detail.

Sharpening, unsharp mask, and high-pass filter are all detail preservation techniques that can be used to recover detail lost to noise reduction.

The best way to balance noise reduction and detail preservation is to use a noise reduction algorithm that is designed to preserve detail, apply noise reduction to the image in multiple passes, and use a detail preservation technique to recover detail lost to noise reduction.

Histogram equalization is not a common noise reduction technique. It is a technique that is used to improve the contrast of an image.

Edge detection is not a common detail preservation technique. It is a technique that is used to find the edges of objects in an image.

Aperture does not affect the amount of noise in an image. ISO setting, exposure time, and sensor size are all factors that affect the amount of noise in an image.

Noise reduction does not affect the amount of detail in an image. Resolution, lens quality, and lighting conditions are all factors that affect the amount of detail in an image.

DxO PhotoLab is not a common noise reduction software. Adobe Photoshop, Lightroom, and Capture One are all common noise reduction software.

Topaz Detail is not a common detail preservation software. Adobe Photoshop, Lightroom, and Capture One are all common detail preservation software.

Unsharp mask is not a common noise reduction technique used in digital photography. It is a sharpening technique that is used to enhance the detail in an image.

HDR is not a common detail preservation technique used in digital photography. It is a technique that is used to create images with a wider dynamic range.

Detail preservation is not a factor that affects the effectiveness of noise reduction. Noise reduction algorithm, image quality, and noise level are all factors that affect the effectiveness of noise reduction.