A substance that triggers an immune response

A type of white blood cell

A protein produced by the immune system

A type of antibody

Exogenous and endogenous

Humoral and cell-mediated

Primary and secondary

Active and passive

To phagocytize antigens and present them to T cells

To produce antibodies against antigens

To release cytokines that activate other immune cells

To destroy infected cells

Helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells

Regulatory T cells and memory T cells

Naive T cells and effector T cells

Central T cells and peripheral T cells

To neutralize toxins and pathogens

To activate complement proteins

To opsonize antigens for phagocytosis

All of the above

An antigen is the entire molecule that triggers an immune response, while an epitope is the specific part of the antigen that is recognized by antibodies or T cells

An antigen is a foreign substance, while an epitope is a self-antigen

An antigen is recognized by B cells, while an epitope is recognized by T cells

An antigen is produced by the immune system, while an epitope is produced by the pathogen

To present antigens to T cells

To activate B cells

To produce antibodies

To destroy infected cells

Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies, while cell-mediated immunity is mediated by T cells

Humoral immunity is effective against extracellular pathogens, while cell-mediated immunity is effective against intracellular pathogens

Humoral immunity is short-lived, while cell-mediated immunity is long-lived

All of the above

To provide long-term protection against infection

To produce antibodies against antigens

To activate T cells

To destroy infected cells

Active immunity is acquired through infection or vaccination, while passive immunity is acquired through the transfer of antibodies or T cells from another individual

Active immunity is long-lived, while passive immunity is short-lived

Active immunity is more effective against intracellular pathogens, while passive immunity is more effective against extracellular pathogens

All of the above

To stimulate the production of antibodies and T cells against a specific pathogen

To provide long-term protection against infection

To reduce the severity of disease

All of the above

A primary immune response is the first time the immune system encounters an antigen, while a secondary immune response is a subsequent encounter with the same antigen

A primary immune response is slower and weaker than a secondary immune response

A primary immune response produces only IgM antibodies, while a secondary immune response produces both IgM and IgG antibodies

All of the above

To activate and regulate immune cells

To promote the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells

To stimulate the production of antibodies

All of the above

An immune complex is a soluble complex of antigen and antibody, while an immune precipitate is an insoluble complex of antigen and antibody

An immune complex is formed in the fluid phase, while an immune precipitate is formed on a cell surface

An immune complex is smaller than an immune precipitate

All of the above

To lyse infected cells

To opsonize antigens for phagocytosis

To activate the inflammatory response

All of the above