Heidegger argues that human existence is fundamentally characterized by an awareness of our own mortality, which shapes our understanding of the world and our relationships with others.

Sartre sees death as a fundamental aspect of human existence that shapes our understanding of freedom, anxiety, and the meaning of life.

Merleau-Ponty argues that the body is both a source of mortality and a vehicle for transcendence, creating a complex and paradoxical relationship with death.

Tolstoy's novella explores the existential crisis of a man facing his own mortality and his attempts to find meaning and purpose in his life before it ends.

Kübler-Ross's model suggests that individuals progress through a series of emotional stages, including denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and finally acceptance, as they come to terms with the loss of a loved one.

Memento mori is a Latin phrase meaning 'remember death' and refers to the practice of contemplating one's own mortality as a way to appreciate the value of life and make the most of it.

Camus, in his book The Myth of Sisyphus, argues that the absurdity of life lies in the fact that we are mortal beings who seek meaning in a meaningless universe.

Existentialists argue that bad faith involves inauthenticity and self-deception, including denying or avoiding the reality of death as a way to escape the anxiety and responsibility that come with it.

Phenomenal death refers to the subjective and lived experience of death from the perspective of the individual facing it, rather than an objective or external perspective.

Kierkegaard, in his book Fear and Trembling, argues that the possibility of meaning in life arises from the confrontation with death and the recognition of our own finitude.

Thanatophobia is a specific phobia characterized by an intense fear of death and mortality, often leading to anxiety, avoidance, and distress.

Plotinus, a Neoplatonic philosopher, believed that death is a necessary stage in the soul's journey towards union with the One, the ultimate reality.

Existential anxiety encompasses the fear of death, the recognition of our own finitude, and the anxiety that arises from the meaninglessness of life, all of which are interconnected.

Epicurus, a Greek philosopher, argued that death is a natural and inevitable part of life and that we should not fear it, but rather focus on living a fulfilling life.

Memento vivere is a Latin phrase meaning 'remember to live' and refers to the practice of contemplating one's own mortality as a way to appreciate the value of life and make the most of it.