AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric encryption algorithm, meaning that the same key is used for both encryption and decryption.

A hashing function takes an input of any size and produces a fixed-size output, called a hash value. Hash values are used to verify the integrity of data, as any change to the input data will result in a different hash value.

RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) is an asymmetric encryption algorithm, meaning that different keys are used for encryption and decryption.

A digital signature is a mathematical scheme used to authenticate the sender of a message. It allows the receiver to verify that the message came from the sender and that it has not been tampered with.

A combination of a pseudo-random number generator and a hardware random number generator is often used to generate a random key for encryption, as this provides a high level of security.

The main difference between symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms is that symmetric algorithms use the same key for encryption and decryption, while asymmetric algorithms use different keys.

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is an example of a symmetric encryption algorithm.

A salt is a random value that is added to the input of a hashing function before the hash value is generated. This makes it more difficult for an attacker to guess the hash value, even if they know the input.

RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) is an example of an asymmetric encryption algorithm.

The main difference between a block cipher and a stream cipher is that block ciphers operate on fixed-size blocks of data, while stream ciphers operate on a continuous stream of data.

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is an example of a block cipher.

RC4 (Rivest Cipher 4) is an example of a stream cipher.

The main difference between a public-key cryptosystem and a private-key cryptosystem is that public-key cryptosystems use a single key for both encryption and decryption, while private-key cryptosystems use different keys.

RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) is an example of a public-key cryptosystem.

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is an example of a private-key cryptosystem.