Melasma is a common skin condition that causes dark patches on the face, typically in women of childbearing age.

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition that occurs after inflammation, such as acne, eczema, or psoriasis.

Vitiligo is a skin condition that causes white patches on the skin due to a loss of pigment-producing cells.

Oculocutaneous albinism is the most common type of albinism, affecting both the skin and eyes.

Topical retinoids, hydroquinone, and azelaic acid are all effective treatment options for melasma.

Hydroquinone is the primary treatment for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, as it helps to lighten dark patches on the skin.

Topical corticosteroids, phototherapy, and surgery are all treatment options for vitiligo.

There is no cure for albinism, but treatment options include sunscreen and protective clothing, genetic counseling, and support groups.

Vitiligo can increase the risk of skin cancer, sunburn, and vision problems.

Nevus simplex, also known as a common mole, is the most common type of nevus.

Nevus of Ota can increase the risk of glaucoma, cataracts, and retinal detachment.

In most cases, no treatment is necessary for nevus of Ito.

Nevus spilus can increase the risk of melanoma, a type of skin cancer.

In most cases, no treatment is necessary for café-au-lait spots.

Becker's nevus can cause hypertrichosis (excessive hair growth), lipodystrophy (loss of fat), and muscle atrophy.