Producers, such as plants and algae, use photosynthesis or chemosynthesis to convert inorganic molecules into organic compounds, providing the foundation of the food chain.

Abiotic factors, such as temperature, moisture, and pH, are not living components of an ecosystem but influence the interactions and survival of organisms.

Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms break down organic molecules, such as glucose, to release energy for cellular activities.

Bacteria are decomposers that break down dead organisms and organic matter, releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem.

A trophic cascade is the transfer of energy and nutrients from one trophic level to the next, with each level representing a different group of organisms.

Increased plant growth due to increased carbon dioxide levels is an example of a positive feedback loop, where the initial change (increased carbon dioxide) leads to a reinforcing effect (increased plant growth).

Ecological succession is the process by which ecosystems change over time, as species composition and community structure adapt to changing environmental conditions.

Pollution absorption is not a recognized ecosystem service. Ecosystems provide services such as water purification, climate regulation, and food production.

Biodiversity encompasses the variety of life forms, including their genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity, and highlights the interconnectedness and interactions among organisms.

Sea otters are an example of a keystone species. Their presence or absence significantly impacts the structure and dynamics of the entire ecosystem.

Biogeochemical cycling is the process by which nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, are exchanged between the biosphere, geosphere, and atmosphere.

Sunlight, water, and temperature can all be limiting factors in an ecosystem, depending on the specific needs of the organisms present.

Natural selection, evolution, and adaptation are all terms used to describe the process by which organisms change over time to better suit their environment.

Climate change, pollution, and habitat destruction are all examples of human-induced disturbances that can have significant impacts on ecosystems.

Ecology, environmental science, and conservation biology are all fields of study that focus on the interactions between organisms and their environment.