Optical fiber communication offers higher bandwidth, lower signal attenuation, and reduced electromagnetic interference compared to traditional metallic cables.

Attenuation, measured in decibels per kilometer (dB/km), determines the signal loss over a given distance in optical fiber.

Graded-index multi-mode fiber has a higher numerical aperture compared to step-index multi-mode fiber, enabling more efficient light transmission.

Dispersion is the phenomenon that causes different wavelengths of light to travel at different speeds in an optical fiber, resulting in signal distortion.

Single-mode fiber is commonly used for long-distance communication due to its low dispersion, which minimizes signal distortion over long distances.

The primary function of an optical transmitter is to convert electrical signals into optical signals for transmission through an optical fiber.

Phase modulation is commonly used in high-speed optical communication systems due to its high bandwidth efficiency and resilience to noise.

An optical amplifier is used to boost the power of optical signals, compensating for signal attenuation over long distances.

Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is a technique that allows for the transmission of multiple optical signals over a single fiber by using different wavelengths.

Coherent detection in optical communication systems improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), resulting in better signal quality and increased sensitivity.

Mesh networks are commonly used for connecting multiple locations over long distances due to their resilience and ability to provide multiple paths for data transmission.

An optical transceiver is a device that converts electrical signals to optical signals and vice versa, enabling data transmission over optical fiber.

LC connectors are commonly used for connecting optical fibers in high-speed networks due to their small size, high density, and low insertion loss.

Optical couplers are used to combine or split optical signals, enabling the distribution of signals to multiple destinations or the combination of signals from multiple sources.

Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) is commonly used for high-speed data transmission over long distances, allowing for the transmission of multiple optical signals at different wavelengths over a single fiber.