Canada has the longest coastline in the world, with over 243,000 kilometers of coastline.

Ocean pollution comes from a variety of sources, including land-based sources (such as sewage and agricultural runoff), shipping, and offshore oil and gas production.

MARPOL is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, which aims to reduce marine pollution from ships.

MPAs are designated areas of the ocean that are protected from certain human activities in order to conserve marine ecosystems and biodiversity, allow for sustainable fishing, and promote tourism and recreation.

The Clean Water Act regulates the discharge of pollutants into U.S. waters, including pollutants from land-based sources, ships, and offshore oil and gas production.

The NEP is a partnership program between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and coastal states and territories to restore and protect estuaries in the United States, promote sustainable development in coastal areas, and educate the public about the importance of estuaries.

The public works department is typically responsible for managing stormwater runoff, which can be a major source of ocean pollution.

Beach cleanups serve multiple purposes, including removing trash and debris from beaches, raising awareness about ocean pollution, and promoting tourism and recreation.

Individuals can help to reduce ocean pollution by reducing their use of plastics, recycling and composting, and disposing of trash properly.

Education and outreach play a critical role in reducing ocean pollution by raising awareness about the issue, promoting behavior change, and building support for policies and regulations.

UNEP, IMO, and FAO are all international organizations that play a role in coordinating global efforts to reduce ocean pollution.

Science and research play a critical role in reducing ocean pollution by identifying sources of pollution, understanding the impacts of pollution on marine ecosystems, and developing new technologies to reduce pollution.

The Clean Water Act, Oil Pollution Act, and CERCLA all regulate the discharge of oil and hazardous substances into U.S. waters.

Economic incentives can be used to encourage businesses to reduce pollution, discourage consumers from purchasing products that contribute to pollution, and generate revenue for pollution cleanup and prevention programs.

International cooperation is essential for reducing ocean pollution, as it allows countries to share information and best practices, coordinate efforts to reduce pollution from ships, and develop global agreements to reduce pollution.