Political factors are not typically considered a primary factor influencing consumer behavior.

Consumer research, market research, and marketing research are all terms used to describe the process of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting information about consumers.

Observation is not a common type of market research, as it involves directly observing consumers in their natural environment.

Segmentation is the process of dividing a market into smaller, more homogeneous groups.

Behavior is not a common segmentation variable, as it is typically used to target consumers rather than segment them.

Positioning is the process of developing a clear, distinct, and desirable image of a product or service in the minds of consumers.

Product differentiation is not a common positioning strategy, as it is typically used to segment consumers rather than position a product or service.

Branding is the process of creating a unique and memorable identity for a product or service.

Packaging is not a common branding element, as it is typically used to protect and transport a product rather than create a brand identity.

Advertising is the process of communicating a message about a product or service to consumers.

Word-of-mouth advertising is not a common type of advertising, as it is not controlled by the marketer.

Customer relationship management is the process of creating a positive relationship with customers and building loyalty.

Customer segmentation is not a common customer relationship management strategy, as it is typically used to target consumers rather than build relationships with them.

Marketing metrics, marketing measurement, and marketing evaluation are all terms used to describe the process of measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of marketing activities.

Customer satisfaction is not a common marketing metric, as it is typically measured by customer relationship management programs rather than marketing activities.