Humanism was a cultural movement that emphasized the study of classical literature and philosophy, as well as the importance of individual reason and experience.

Martin Luther was a prominent religious reformer, not a humanist writer.

The Protestant Reformation was a religious movement that sought to reform the Catholic Church, which was seen as corrupt and in need of change.

Martin Luther was the leader of the Protestant Reformation, which began with his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517.

Lutheranism, founded by Martin Luther, emphasized justification by faith alone, the priesthood of all believers, and the authority of Scripture alone.

Calvinism, founded by John Calvin, emphasized predestination, total depravity, irresistible grace, and the perseverance of the saints.

Anabaptism, a radical Protestant movement, emphasized adult baptism, separation of church and state, pacifism, and communal living.

The Council of Trent was a series of meetings held by the Catholic Church in response to the Protestant Reformation. Its goal was to reform the Church, respond to Protestant criticisms, and define Catholic doctrine.

The Council of Trent reaffirmed Catholic doctrine, established new Catholic orders, and created the Index of Forbidden Books, a list of books that Catholics were forbidden to read.

The Protestant Reformation had a profound impact on European society, leading to religious wars, political instability, and social upheaval.

The Protestant Reformation had a significant impact on the development of capitalism by promoting the idea of individual responsibility, encouraging thrift and hard work, and leading to the accumulation of capital.

The Protestant Reformation had a positive impact on the development of democracy by promoting the idea of religious freedom, encouraging political participation, and leading to the development of representative government.

The Protestant Reformation had a significant impact on the development of education by leading to the establishment of new schools, increasing the literacy rate, and promoting the study of the Bible.

The Protestant Reformation had a positive impact on the development of science by encouraging the study of nature, leading to the development of new scientific methods, and promoting the idea of a rational universe.