Human Dignity is a fundamental ethical principle that recognizes the inherent worth and value of every individual, irrespective of their circumstances or actions.

Just War Theory attempts to provide a moral framework for determining when and how war can be ethically justified, considering factors such as just cause, proportionality, and discrimination.

Pacifism advocates for the rejection of violence as a means of resolving conflicts, emphasizing the use of nonviolent resistance, negotiation, and diplomacy to achieve peaceful outcomes.

Mediation is a conflict resolution process where a neutral third party facilitates communication and negotiation between disputing parties, helping them find mutually acceptable solutions.

Transformative Mediation aims to facilitate deep-rooted changes in the relationships and perspectives of disputing parties, seeking mutually beneficial outcomes that address the underlying causes of conflict.

Arbitration is a formal process where a neutral third party (arbitrator) hears evidence and arguments from both parties and makes a legally binding decision to resolve the dispute.

Restorative justice focuses on repairing harm caused by crime and conflict, promoting healing and reconciliation between victims, offenders, and the community.

Liberal Peace Theory argues that economic interdependence and cooperation among nations foster peace and stability by creating mutual benefits and reducing incentives for conflict.

Negative peace is characterized by the absence of direct violence or armed conflict between parties, but it does not necessarily address the root causes of conflict or promote positive peace.

Structural Conflict Resolution focuses on addressing the deep-rooted causes of conflict, such as social, economic, and political inequalities, to prevent future outbreaks of violence.

Positive peace is a comprehensive concept that includes the absence of violence, the presence of justice, equality, human rights, and well-being, and the promotion of cooperative relationships.

Negotiation is a process where disputing parties engage in direct communication and bargaining to reach a mutually acceptable agreement without the involvement of a third party.

Peacebuilding encompasses a wide range of activities aimed at preventing conflict, resolving ongoing conflicts, and rebuilding societies after conflict to create sustainable peace.

Cultural Peace Theory emphasizes the role of cultural factors, such as values, beliefs, and communication styles, in shaping conflict and peace processes.

Nonviolent resistance involves the use of nonviolent tactics, such as civil disobedience, protests, and boycotts, to challenge injustice and promote social change.