Permafrost is soil that remains frozen for at least two consecutive years. It is found in regions with a mean annual temperature below 0 degrees Celsius.

Permafrost is found in polar regions, high mountain regions, and tundra regions. These regions have a mean annual temperature below 0 degrees Celsius.

Permafrost stores approximately 1,500 gigatons of carbon, which is twice the amount of carbon stored in the atmosphere.

Permafrost acts as both a carbon sink and a carbon source. It stores carbon in the form of organic matter, but it can also release carbon into the atmosphere when it thaws.

Permafrost thaw can lead to the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, changes in plant and animal life, and changes in the landscape.

Permafrost thaw is primarily caused by rising global temperatures and human activities such as deforestation and burning of fossil fuels.

Reducing permafrost thaw requires a combination of efforts, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, protecting and restoring forests, and promoting sustainable land management practices.

Permafrost plays a vital role in the Arctic ecosystem by providing habitat for plants and animals, regulating the flow of water and nutrients, and helping to maintain the stability of the Arctic landscape.

Permafrost thaw can lead to the loss of habitat for plants and animals, changes in the flow of water and nutrients, and destabilization of the Arctic landscape.

Permafrost plays a role in the global climate system by helping to regulate the Earth's temperature, storing carbon dioxide and methane, and helping to maintain the stability of the Earth's climate.

Permafrost thaw can lead to the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, changes in the Earth's temperature, and changes in the Earth's climate.

Efforts are being made to address the issue of permafrost thaw through research, greenhouse gas emission reduction, and permafrost protection and restoration.

Addressing the issue of permafrost thaw poses challenges due to the vastness of the permafrost region, the difficulty of accessing permafrost regions, and the high cost of permafrost research and restoration.

International cooperation plays a vital role in addressing the issue of permafrost thaw by pooling resources and expertise, coordinating research efforts, and developing and implementing effective policies.