While tourism can have negative impacts on wildlife, it is not a major cause of human-wildlife conflict. The other three options are all major drivers of conflict.

While human-wildlife conflict can lead to increased disease transmission in some cases, it is not a major consequence. The other three options are all major consequences of conflict.

Hunting and culling are not effective strategies for mitigating human-wildlife conflict. They can actually make the problem worse by reducing the number of animals available to prey on livestock and crops.

Education and outreach are the most effective way to prevent human-wildlife conflict. By teaching people about the causes and consequences of conflict, and how to avoid it, we can help to reduce the number of conflicts that occur.

The coexistence project in Laikipia, Kenya is a successful human-wildlife conflict mitigation project that has reduced conflict between herders and lions. The project has done this by providing herders with compensation for livestock losses, and by working with them to develop new ways to protect their livestock from lions.