Ocean acidification is the process by which the pH of the ocean decreases due to increased carbon dioxide levels. This is caused by the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the ocean, which forms carbonic acid.

The primary cause of ocean acidification is the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This carbon dioxide is then absorbed by the ocean, forming carbonic acid.

Ocean acidification makes it harder for marine organisms to build shells and skeletons because it dissolves calcium carbonate, which is the main component of these structures.

Coral reefs are the most affected by ocean acidification because they are made up of calcium carbonate. When the pH of the ocean decreases, the calcium carbonate dissolves, which can damage or kill the coral.

Ocean acidification can lead to the loss of biodiversity because it can harm or kill marine organisms, including those that are important for the food chain.

Reducing the burning of fossil fuels is the most effective way to reduce ocean acidification because it will reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere.

The pH of the ocean today is approximately 8.1, which is slightly basic.

The projected pH of the ocean by the end of the century is approximately 7.7, which is a significant decrease from the current pH.

Ocean acidification is caused by increased carbon dioxide levels, while climate change is caused by increased greenhouse gas levels. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.

Ocean acidification makes it harder for phytoplankton to grow because it dissolves calcium carbonate, which is the main component of their shells. Phytoplankton are important primary producers in the food chain, so their decline can have a ripple effect on the entire food chain.

Ocean acidification can lead to decreased fisheries revenue because it can harm or kill marine organisms, including those that are important for commercial fishing.

Ocean acidification can lead to decreased food security because it can harm or kill marine organisms, including those that are important for subsistence fishing.

Ocean acidification can lead to decreased tourism revenue because it can damage or kill marine organisms, including those that are popular with tourists.

Ocean acidification can lead to decreased international cooperation because it can create conflicts between countries over access to marine resources.

Ocean acidification can lead to increased awareness of environmental issues because it can highlight the importance of protecting the ocean.