The Court of International Trade has exclusive jurisdiction over challenges to agency trade decisions, including decisions by the Department of Commerce and the International Trade Commission.

Under the substantial evidence standard, the court will uphold the agency's decision if it is supported by substantial evidence in the record.

The court considers all of these factors in determining whether an agency's decision is supported by substantial evidence.

The court has broad authority to review agency trade decisions, including the power to take new evidence, conduct a trial de novo, and remand the case to the agency for further proceedings.

A party may challenge an agency trade decision on any of these grounds.

The court has broad authority to fashion a remedy for an agency trade decision that is found to be unlawful.

The doctrine of deference requires the court to give great weight to the agency's interpretation of its own regulations, findings of fact, and policy choices.

The court can overturn an agency's decision if it is arbitrary and capricious, not supported by substantial evidence, or in violation of the Constitution or a statute.

Judicial review of agency trade decisions is important because it ensures that agencies act within the scope of their authority, that their decisions are supported by evidence and are not arbitrary or capricious, and that their decisions are consistent with the law.

Judicial review of agency trade decisions faces a number of challenges, including the complexity of the issues involved, the deference that courts give to agencies' expertise, and the limited resources available to courts.

There are a number of recent trends in judicial review of agency trade decisions, including courts becoming more willing to overturn agency decisions, courts becoming more deferential to agencies' expertise, and courts becoming more focused on the economic consequences of agency decisions.

The future of judicial review of agency trade decisions is uncertain, but it is likely that judicial review will become more important as agencies continue to play a larger role in trade policy, that judicial review will become less important as agencies become more expert in trade matters, and that judicial review will become more focused on the economic consequences of agency decisions.

Some of the key cases in the area of judicial review of agency trade decisions include Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe, and Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Ass'n of the United States, Inc. v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co.

Some of the resources available to help you learn more about judicial review of agency trade decisions include the Administrative Procedure Act, the Restatement (Third) of Administrative Law, and the Federal Register.