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Metaethics: Moral Universalism vs. Relativism

Description: Metaethics: Moral Universalism vs. Relativism Quiz
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: metaethics moral universalism moral relativism ethics
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Which ethical theory holds that there are objective moral standards that apply to all people, regardless of their culture or circumstances?

  1. Moral Universalism

  2. Moral Relativism

  3. Ethical Subjectivism

  4. Moral Nihilism


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Moral Universalism asserts that there are moral truths that are true for everyone, everywhere, and at all times.

According to Moral Relativism, the rightness or wrongness of an action depends on:

  1. The culture or society in which it is performed

  2. The individual's personal beliefs and values

  3. The consequences of the action

  4. The intentions of the person performing the action


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Moral Relativism maintains that moral standards are relative to the culture or society in which they are held.

Which philosopher is most closely associated with the theory of Moral Universalism?

  1. Immanuel Kant

  2. John Stuart Mill

  3. Friedrich Nietzsche

  4. David Hume


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Immanuel Kant is widely regarded as the most influential proponent of Moral Universalism.

Moral Relativism is often criticized for leading to:

  1. Moral skepticism

  2. Moral nihilism

  3. Moral absolutism

  4. Moral subjectivism


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Critics argue that Moral Relativism can lead to moral skepticism, as it undermines the idea of objective moral truths.

Moral Universalism is based on the belief that:

  1. Moral values are objective and independent of human opinion

  2. Moral values are subjective and vary from person to person

  3. Moral values are determined by the consequences of actions

  4. Moral values are determined by the intentions of the person performing the action


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Moral Universalism holds that moral values are not dependent on human opinion or cultural norms.

Which of the following is NOT an argument in favor of Moral Universalism?

  1. The argument from reason

  2. The argument from intuition

  3. The argument from evolution

  4. The argument from cultural diversity


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The argument from cultural diversity is often used to support Moral Relativism, rather than Moral Universalism.

Moral Relativists argue that:

  1. Moral values are objective and universal

  2. Moral values are subjective and vary from person to person

  3. Moral values are determined by the consequences of actions

  4. Moral values are determined by the intentions of the person performing the action


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Moral Relativism asserts that moral values are subjective and vary depending on the individual or culture.

According to Moral Universalism, the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by:

  1. The culture or society in which it is performed

  2. The individual's personal beliefs and values

  3. The consequences of the action

  4. Objective moral principles that apply to all people


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Moral Universalism maintains that there are objective moral principles that apply to all people, regardless of their culture or circumstances.

Which of the following is an example of a moral dilemma that challenges the principles of Moral Universalism?

  1. The trolley problem

  2. The prisoner's dilemma

  3. The lifeboat dilemma

  4. The Euthyphro dilemma


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The trolley problem is a classic example of a moral dilemma that challenges the principles of Moral Universalism.

Moral Universalists argue that:

  1. Moral values are objective and universal

  2. Moral values are subjective and vary from person to person

  3. Moral values are determined by the consequences of actions

  4. Moral values are determined by the intentions of the person performing the action


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Moral Universalists believe that there are objective moral values that apply to all people, regardless of their culture or circumstances.

Which philosopher is most closely associated with the theory of Moral Relativism?

  1. Immanuel Kant

  2. John Stuart Mill

  3. Friedrich Nietzsche

  4. David Hume


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

David Hume is widely regarded as one of the most influential proponents of Moral Relativism.

Moral Universalism is often criticized for being:

  1. Too idealistic

  2. Too impractical

  3. Too rigid

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Moral Universalism has been criticized for being too idealistic, too impractical, and too rigid.

Moral Relativism is often criticized for leading to:

  1. Moral skepticism

  2. Moral nihilism

  3. Moral absolutism

  4. Moral subjectivism


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Critics argue that Moral Relativism can lead to moral skepticism, as it undermines the idea of objective moral truths.

Which of the following is NOT an argument against Moral Universalism?

  1. The argument from cultural diversity

  2. The argument from moral dilemmas

  3. The argument from evolution

  4. The argument from reason


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The argument from evolution is not typically used to argue against Moral Universalism.

Moral Universalists argue that:

  1. Moral values are objective and universal

  2. Moral values are subjective and vary from person to person

  3. Moral values are determined by the consequences of actions

  4. Moral values are determined by the intentions of the person performing the action


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Moral Universalists believe that there are objective moral values that apply to all people, regardless of their culture or circumstances.

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