Habitat loss and fragmentation, primarily driven by human activities such as deforestation and urbanization, is the leading cause of biodiversity decline.

The loss of one species can have a cascading effect on the entire ecosystem, disrupting food chains and webs, reducing biodiversity, and potentially leading to the decline of other species.

The sea otter is a keystone species that plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of kelp forests by preying on sea urchins, which prevents overgrazing of kelp.

Ecological balance refers to the interconnectedness of species and their roles in an ecosystem, highlighting the delicate equilibrium that maintains the stability and functioning of the natural world.

Climate change poses significant threats to endangered species by altering their habitats, disrupting their life cycles, increasing the frequency and severity of natural disasters, and causing shifts in species' distribution and migration patterns.

Conservation efforts encompass a range of strategies, including habitat restoration and protection, captive breeding and reintroduction programs, and reducing human-induced threats, to safeguard endangered species and promote their recovery.

Mutualistic relationships involve two species benefiting from each other. Examples include the clownfish and sea anemone, mistletoe and oak tree, and acacia tree and ants.

The loss of pollinators, such as bees, has far-reaching consequences for plant species, including reduced reproduction and genetic diversity, disrupted seed dispersal and plant colonization, and a decline in plant populations and ecosystem stability.

Adaptation refers to the process by which a species gradually changes over time to better suit its environment, increasing its chances of survival and reproduction.

Overexploitation of marine resources, such as excessive fishing, can lead to the depletion of fish populations, disrupt the food chain and ecosystem balance, and potentially result in the collapse of fisheries.

Invasive species competition, competitive exclusion, and ecological displacement all refer to the process by which invasive species outcompete native species for resources, leading to the decline or displacement of native species.

The loss of top predators, such as sharks, can have significant impacts on marine ecosystems, including an increase in the population of prey species, disruption of the food chain and ecosystem balance, and cascading effects on other species.

Food web, ecological network, and species interaction network all refer to the interconnectedness of species and their roles in an ecosystem, often represented as a network of interactions.

The loss of biodiversity reduces the ecosystem's ability to adapt and recover from disturbances, makes ecosystems more vulnerable to invasive species, and disrupts the ecosystem's natural processes and functions.

Natural selection, evolutionary adaptation, and adaptive radiation all refer to the process by which species evolve and adapt to changing environmental conditions.