Irony is a literary device that creates a contrast between what is expected and what actually occurs, often highlighting the absurdity or incongruity of a situation.

Fitzgerald uses irony to highlight the contrast between the idealized vision of the American Dream and the harsh realities of life, particularly for those seeking wealth and success.

Irony in contemporary literature often serves to convey deeper meanings and insights into human nature, society, and the complexities of life.

Situational irony occurs when a situation turns out to be the opposite of what was expected or intended.

Vonnegut uses irony to underscore the absurdity and futility of war, particularly through the juxtaposition of the horrors of war with the mundane realities of everyday life.

Irony often involves using words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning, creating a contrast between what is said and what is meant.

Irony in contemporary literature serves various purposes, including creating humor, conveying social commentary, and highlighting the complexities of human nature.

Verbal irony occurs when a character says something that contradicts their true feelings or intentions.

Irony often conveys a deeper message or insight into the themes and characters of a literary work.

Franz Kafka is renowned for his use of irony and absurdity to explore themes of alienation, bureaucracy, and the human condition.

Dramatic irony creates suspense by presenting information to the reader that is unknown to the characters, building tension and anticipation.

Dramatic irony occurs when the audience or reader is aware of information that the characters in a story are not.

Irony encourages critical thinking by prompting the reader to consider the deeper meanings and implications of the text.

Cosmic irony refers to situations where the outcome of events is the opposite of what was expected or intended.

Irony provides a framework for analyzing themes and exploring the deeper meanings and complexities of a literary work.