In ancient Greece, gender was primarily determined by an individual's social role, with men being associated with public life and women with domestic duties.

The term "homosexuality" was first used in the 19th century by Karl-Maria Kertbeny, a Hungarian journalist and activist.

Walt Whitman is often regarded as the first openly gay writer due to his exploration of same-sex love and desire in his poetry.

The Stonewall Riots were a series of spontaneous demonstrations by members of the LGBTQ+ community in response to a police raid on the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York City.

The Netherlands was the first country to legalize same-sex marriage in 2001.

The term "genderqueer" is used to describe individuals who do not conform to traditional gender roles or identities.

Judith Butler is a philosopher and gender theorist known for her work on gender performativity and the concept of the "gender binary".

Heteronormativity refers to the assumption that heterosexuality is the norm and that all other sexual orientations are deviations from this norm.

Alfred Kinsey was a biologist and sexologist known for his research on sexual behavior and the development of the Kinsey scale, which measures sexual orientation.

The term "intersex" refers to individuals who are born with ambiguous genitalia, meaning that their sex cannot be clearly defined as male or female.

Michel Foucault was a philosopher and historian known for his work on the history of sexuality, including the concept of the "sexual revolution".

The term "asexual" refers to individuals who experience little or no sexual attraction to others.

Judith Butler is a philosopher and gender theorist known for her work on gender performativity, which argues that gender is not a fixed identity but rather a performance.

The term "pansexual" refers to individuals who are attracted to all genders, regardless of their own gender identity.

John Boswell was a historian known for his work on the history of homosexuality, including the concept of the "gay subculture".