Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are non-renewable energy sources because they are formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals and take millions of years to replenish.

Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas emitted by human activities, primarily through the burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat, and transportation.

Photovoltaic (PV) cells, also known as solar cells, convert sunlight directly into electricity using the photovoltaic effect.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the process of capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or industrial sources and storing it underground or in geological formations.

Energy efficiency measures typically lead to reduced energy consumption and lower greenhouse gas emissions, not higher energy costs.

Energy efficiency refers to the practice of using energy-efficient technologies and practices to reduce energy consumption.

Internal combustion engine vehicles, which rely on fossil fuels, are not considered sustainable transportation due to their emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants.

Hydropower is the process of generating electricity from the movement of water, typically using dams and turbines.

Toxic materials are not considered sustainable building materials due to their potential negative impacts on human health and the environment.

Green building is the practice of designing and constructing buildings to minimize their environmental impact.

Monoculture, the practice of growing a single crop over a large area, is not considered a sustainable agricultural practice due to its negative impacts on soil health, biodiversity, and ecosystem resilience.

Sustainable forestry is the practice of managing forests in a sustainable manner, ensuring the long-term health and productivity of forest ecosystems.

Water pollution is not considered a sustainable water management practice due to its negative impacts on water quality and aquatic ecosystems.

Waste reduction is the practice of reducing the amount of waste produced, typically through source reduction, reuse, and recycling.

Landfilling is not considered a sustainable waste management practice due to its negative impacts on the environment, including the release of greenhouse gases and the contamination of soil and water.