The first Android release was codenamed Cupcake, which was released in September 2008.

Android was developed by Google and released as an open-source platform in 2007.

Android apps are primarily developed using the Java programming language, although other languages like Kotlin are also supported.

Material Design is the name of the Android user interface toolkit, which provides a consistent and unified design language for Android apps.

The ART (Android Runtime) runtime was introduced in Android 4.4 (KitKat), which improved the performance and efficiency of Android apps.

The Android Package Manager is responsible for managing the installation, uninstallation, and updating of Android apps.

The multi-window mode, which allows users to run multiple apps simultaneously in separate windows, was introduced in Android 7.0 (Nougat).

The Dalvik virtual machine was the original virtual machine used in Android, which was later replaced by the ART (Android Runtime) runtime in Android 4.4 (KitKat).

The Doze mode, which helps to conserve battery life by putting the device into a deep sleep state when it is not in use, was introduced in Android 6.0 (Marshmallow).

The View System is the Android framework for building user interfaces, which provides a set of classes and methods for creating and managing UI elements.

The Picture-in-Picture mode, which allows users to watch videos in a small floating window while using other apps, was introduced in Android 8.0 (Oreo).

The Android Permission System is responsible for managing the permissions that apps require in order to access certain features or data on the device.

The Vulkan graphics API, which provides high-performance graphics rendering, was introduced in Android 7.0 (Nougat).

The Connectivity Manager is the Android framework for managing network connectivity, which provides a set of classes and methods for querying and managing network connections.

The Night mode, which adjusts the screen colors to reduce blue light and make it easier to read in low-light conditions, was introduced in Android 8.0 (Oreo).