Aryabhata is widely regarded as the father of Indian astronomy for his groundbreaking work in the 5th century CE.

Aryabhata was the first Indian astronomer to propose the heliocentric model of the solar system, where the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun.

Jantar Mantar is a collection of astronomical observatories built by Maharaja Jai Singh II in the 18th century. These observatories were used to study the positions of celestial bodies and make accurate astronomical calculations.

Bhaskara II developed the 'Bhavana' model, which was a geocentric model of planetary motion that incorporated elliptical orbits and the concept of epicycles.

Varahamihira was the first Indian astronomer to observe and document sunspots in the 6th century CE.

Aryabhata wrote the 'Surya Siddhanta', which is one of the most important astronomical treatises in Indian history. It contains detailed information on astronomy, mathematics, and astrology.

Bhaskara II calculated the value of pi (π) to six decimal places, which was a remarkable achievement for his time.

Brahmagupta developed the concept of 'Khagola', which was a system of spherical astronomy that allowed for the calculation of the positions of celestial bodies.

Bhaskara II was the first Indian astronomer to propose the existence of a ninth planet beyond Saturn, which he called 'Bhumija'.

Bhaskara II wrote the astronomical treatise 'Lilavati', which focused on mathematics and astronomy. It is considered one of the most important works in Indian mathematical literature.

Aryabhata developed the 'Aryabhata' calendar, which was based on astronomical calculations and was widely used in India for centuries.

Varahamihira wrote the astronomical treatise 'Pancasiddhantika', which compared five different astronomical systems and presented his own theories and observations.

Aryabhata was the first Indian astronomer to propose the idea of a rotating Earth, which was a revolutionary concept at the time.

Brahmagupta developed the 'Brahmagupta' theorem, which is used to calculate the area of a cyclic quadrilateral.

Varahamihira wrote the astronomical treatise 'Brihat Samhita', which covered a wide range of topics including astronomy, astrology, and architecture.