The Code of Hammurabi, dating back to the 18th century BCE, is one of the earliest known legal codes, providing insights into ancient Babylonian law and society.

The Rosetta Stone's importance lies in its trilingual inscription, allowing scholars to decipher ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs by comparing them to the Greek and Demotic texts.

The Anabasis, written by Xenophon, chronicles the journey of the Ten Thousand Greek mercenaries who fought alongside Cyrus the Younger against his brother Artaxerxes II.

The Analects, attributed to Confucius, primarily consists of ethical teachings, moral principles, and philosophical insights on various aspects of life.

The Palermo Stone, an ancient Egyptian artifact, contains significant information about the construction of the Great Pyramid, including the names of workers and the materials used.

The Dead Sea Scrolls include some of the earliest known biblical manuscripts, shedding light on the development of Judaism and Christianity and providing valuable insights into ancient religious texts.

The Popol Vuh is a sacred text of the Maya people, providing insights into their mythology, history, and cultural beliefs.

The Arthashastra, attributed to Kautilya, is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, providing guidance on political strategies, military tactics, and economic policies.

Thucydides' Histories includes detailed accounts of the construction of the Parthenon and other significant events during the Peloponnesian War.

The I Ching, also known as the Book of Changes, is an ancient Chinese text used for divination and decision-making, providing insights into the patterns and changes in the universe.

The Harappan Seals, discovered at archaeological sites of the Indus Valley Civilization, provide valuable insights into the economic, social, and cultural aspects of this ancient civilization.

The Book of the Dead is an ancient Egyptian funerary text that provides insights into the beliefs and practices related to the afterlife, including the journey of the soul through the underworld.

Vitruvius' De Architectura includes detailed descriptions of the construction of the Colosseum and other significant Roman structures.

The Iliad, attributed to Homer, is an epic poem that narrates the events of the Trojan War and the heroic deeds of Achilles.

The Epic of Gilgamesh is an ancient Mesopotamian epic poem that provides insights into the mythology, history, and cultural beliefs of the region.