Permafrost is soil that remains frozen for two or more consecutive years. It is found in regions with a cold climate, such as the Arctic and Antarctic.

The average temperature of permafrost is -2°C. This temperature is cold enough to keep the soil frozen, even in the summer.

Permafrost covers about 20% of the Earth's surface. It is found in regions with a cold climate, such as the Arctic and Antarctic.

Climate change is causing permafrost to thaw. This is because the Earth's temperature is rising, which is causing the permafrost to melt.

Permafrost thawing can release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, cause the ground to become unstable, and damage infrastructure.

To mitigate the impact of climate change on permafrost, we can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase the amount of vegetation in permafrost regions, and build infrastructure that is resistant to permafrost thawing.

There are a number of challenges associated with mitigating the impact of climate change on permafrost, including the cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the difficulty of increasing the amount of vegetation in permafrost regions, and the lack of infrastructure that is resistant to permafrost thawing.

There are a number of opportunities associated with mitigating the impact of climate change on permafrost, including the creation of new jobs, the development of new technologies, and the improvement of public health.

International cooperation is essential for mitigating the impact of climate change on permafrost. This is because climate change is a global problem that requires a global solution.

There are a number of key international agreements that address the impact of climate change on permafrost, including the Paris Agreement, the Kyoto Protocol, and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Individual action is important for mitigating the impact of climate change on permafrost. This is because individual actions can add up to make a big difference.

Individuals can mitigate the impact of climate change on permafrost by reducing their greenhouse gas emissions, supporting policies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and educating themselves and others about climate change.

The future of permafrost under climate change is uncertain. This is because the rate of climate change is uncertain and the response of permafrost to climate change is complex.

Some of the research priorities for understanding the impact of climate change on permafrost include studying the rate of permafrost thaw, studying the response of permafrost to climate change, and developing models of permafrost thaw.

Some of the challenges associated with studying the impact of climate change on permafrost include the remoteness of permafrost regions, the difficulty of measuring permafrost thaw, and the lack of long-term data on permafrost.