Process Philosophy, particularly as expounded by thinkers like Alfred North Whitehead, posits that reality is fundamentally relational and dynamic, consisting of interconnected processes and events.

Supervenience describes the ontological dependence of one property or state of affairs on another, such that the former cannot exist independently of the latter.

Semantic Holism asserts that the meaning of a term or concept is not fixed and independent but rather emerges from its relations and interactions with other terms and concepts within a broader conceptual system.

The philosophical study of emergence centers on understanding the processes and mechanisms by which new properties, patterns, or behaviors arise from the interactions of simpler components or systems.

Reductionism posits that complex phenomena can be fully explained and understood by reducing them to their constituent parts and their interactions, denying the emergence of novel properties at the whole level.

An internal relation is one in which the relata are intrinsically connected, such that the relation is constitutive of their identities or existence.

Realism, particularly in the context of relations, asserts that relations exist independently of the objects they relate, possessing an objective and mind-independent reality.

The philosophical study of fundamentality explores the idea of ontological priority, seeking to understand which entities or properties are fundamental or basic in the structure of reality.

Monism, particularly in the context of relations and dependencies, posits that reality is fundamentally unified and interconnected, denying the existence of separate and independent entities.

An external relation is one in which the relata are not intrinsically connected, and the relation is not constitutive of their identities or existence.

Nominalism, particularly in the context of relations, asserts that relations are not real entities but rather mental constructs or linguistic conventions used to describe the world.

The philosophical study of transitivity explores the conditions under which a relation holds between multiple objects, examining the logical and ontological implications of transitive relations.

Pluralism, particularly in the context of relations and dependencies, posits that reality is fundamentally diverse and composed of multiple irreducible entities or substances.

An asymmetric relation is one in which the relata are not interchangeable, and the relation has a specific direction or order.

Conceptualism, particularly in the context of relations, asserts that relations are dependent on the objects they relate and their properties, existing as mental concepts or abstractions.